Voici le plus grand discours anti-esclavagiste. Il a été prononcé le 5 juillet 1852 par le plus célèbre des anciens esclaves, Frederick Douglass, il est magistral, implacable, un feu d'artifice rhétorique utilisant toutes les figures de style possibles pour dénoncer avec une rare virulence le crime de l'esclavage, dont la nation toute entière est accusée d'être complice.
Les luttes pour l'égalité et la justice sociale portées au XXe siècle par Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King ou Malcolm X se poursuivent aujourd'hui grâce au mouvement Black Lives Matter. Elles ont une longue histoire, qui commence avec le combat pour l'abolition de l'esclavage. Les Noirs y tiennent dès le début une place essentielle. Frederick Douglass est le plus célèbre d'entre eux. Son autobiographie, saluée pour ses qualités rhétoriques, est recommandée à partir de la classe de 4e.
Texte intégral, suivi du récit inédit de son évasion, et préfacé par Michaël Roy, meilleur spécialiste français de Frederick Douglass.
« Mes lecteurs ont vu comment d'un homme on faisait un esclave ; ils vont voir comment un esclave devint un homme. » Né dans une plantation du Maryland en 1818, Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey est esclave de père blanc. En 1825, il est envoyé comme manoeuvre à Baltimore, puis loué à un negro breaker (casseur d'esclaves) en 1834. À 20 ans, il s'évade, déguisé en marin, et se réfugie dans le Massachusetts où il prend le nom de Douglass et participe à des meetings abolitionnistes.En 1845, il publie ses Mémoires dans lesquelles il dissèque le système esclavagiste. Celui qui avait appris seul à lire et à écrire - persuadé que l'éducation était la clé de la liberté - relate sa vie d'esclave et son émancipation, physique et intellectuelle. Douglass sait que la libération passe par la sortie de l'ignorance.Il se convertit rapidement en une des grandes figures abolitionnistes des États-Unis et en père du Mouvement de libération des Noirs. Comme Twelve Years a Slave de Solomon Northup quelques années plus tard, ses Mémoires deviennent un des grands textes classiques sur la condition des esclaves racontée par eux-mêmes et une référence de la littérature antiesclavagiste.En 1852, il déclarera : « Nulle part au monde il n'y a une nation qui soit coupable de crimes aussi sanglants et aussi ignobles que ceux que commettent en ce jour et à cette heure les citoyens des États-Unis. » Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)Orateur éloquent, abolitionniste, Frederick Douglass écrit son autobiographie en 1845. La notoriété de son récit met en péril sa liberté illégale dans les États non esclavagistes du Nord. Il se réfugie en Europe où il obtient son affranchissement officiel.Conférencier populaire à partir de 1866, il occupe diverses fonctions administratives dans le gouvernement entre 1871 et 1895.Frederick Douglass croyait fermement à l'égalité de tous, incluant les descendants d'africains, les femmes, les immigrants, et évidemment tous les autres américains d'ascendance européenne. Préface de Marie-Jeanne Rossignol, Professeure d'études américaines - Université Paris Diderot. Laboratoire de recherches sur les cultures anglophones)
DISCOVER ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ACCOUNTS OF SLAVERY IN NINETEENTH CENTURY AMERICA One of history's greatest crimes, the American slave trade led to the suffering of untold numbers of men and women. But how can we better understand the lives and experiences of those who endured it? Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is a harrowing first hand look at the brutal indignities of slavery in the nineteenth century, and the society that allowed it to happen. To better understand our shared present, we need to fully grapple with our difficult past. Douglass' Narrative is a key piece of that puzzle. An insightful introduction by Debra Newman Ham, a former Black history archivist for the Library of Congress, analyzes the text and looks at the key events in Douglass' life.
Frederick Douglass, né Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey en 1817 ou 1818, et mort le 20 février 1895 à Washington, est un orateur, abolitionniste, éditeur et fonctionnaire américain. Né esclave, il réussit à s'instruire et s'enfuir. Communicateur éloquent, il écrit son autobiographie : La Vie de Frederick Douglass, un esclave américain, écrite par lui-même.
L'espoir naissant de la liberté
| Vers l'âge de douze ans, il est envoyé à Baltimore chez Hugh Auld, dont le frère Thomas avait marié la fille du Capitaine Anthony. Le séjour de Douglass chez le frère du gendre de son propriétaire s'avère une bénédiction dans sa vie, sans laquelle il n'aurait peut-être jamais pu espérer devenir libre. En effet Madame Auld, Sophia, est très gentille envers lui et, à l'insu de son mari, ainsi qu'au mépris de la loi qui lui interdisait de le faire, elle apprend au petit Frederick les rudiments de la lecture.
Le mari apprend le « complot » et sermonne sa femme sur le fait que l'apprentissage de la lecture par un esclave le porterait immanquablement à ne plus se satisfaire de sa condition, « Le savoir gâterait le meilleur nègre du monde. Si tu enseignes à ce nègre à lire, il n'y aura plus moyen de le tenir. Cela le rendra à jamais inapte à l'esclavage », se souvient d'avoir entendu dire de lui Douglass. C'est pour lui comme une révélation, et dès lors il met tout en oeuvre pour poursuivre son éducation...|
|Source Wikipédia|
`Two Articles by Frederick Douglass' houses two of the abolitionist's most important essays on race and equality.
The first essay, `My Escape from Slavery', details his daring bid for freedom from a plantation as well as his experiences on reaching New York.
The second, `Reconstruction', is an open letter to the white readers of the `Atlantic Monthly' magazine, highlighting the importance of extending the vote to African Americans and the need for equal rights.
The two essays are startling pieces of writing, with both documenting the struggles faced by African Americans at the time. ´Two Articles´ will delight any person already familiar with Douglass' body of work.
Frederick Douglass (1818-1995) was an American abolitionist and author. Born into slavery in Maryland, he was of African, European, and Native American descent. He was separated from his mother at a young age and lived with his grandmother until he was moved to another plantation.
Frederick was taught his alphabet by the wife of one of his owners, a knowledge he passed on to other slaves. In 1838, he successfully escaped slavery by jumping on a north-bound train. After less than 24 hours, he was in New York and free.
The same year, he married the woman that had inspired his run for freedom and started working actively as a social reformer, orator, statesman, and women's rights defender.
He remains most known today for his 1845 autobiography "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave."
Written just a year before his death, `Why is the Negro Lynched?' is one of Douglass' most moving and passionate speeches.
Still sadly-pertinent today, his skill as a wordsmith is captured in passages that discuss everything from law and respect for human life to religion and the necessity for belonging.
An expert orator, Douglass presents his arguments as though they were part of a court case, deftly switching between the roles of prosecution and defence, before passing sentence against the white establishment of the time.
An important book for anyone and everyone.
Frederick Douglass (1818-1995) was an American abolitionist and author. Born into slavery in Maryland, he was of African, European, and Native American descent. He was separated from his mother at a young age and lived with his grandmother until he was moved to another plantation.
Frederick was taught his alphabet by the wife of one of his owners, a knowledge he passed on to other slaves. In 1838, he successfully escaped slavery by jumping on a north-bound train. After less than 24 hours, he was in New York and free.
The same year, he married the woman that had inspired his run for freedom and started working actively as a social reformer, orator, statesman, and women's rights defender.
He remains most known today for his 1845 autobiography "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave."
`Abolition Fanaticism in New York' is a speech written by Douglass and delivered in 1847.
Proving that the pen can be mightier than the sword, Douglass deftly used his linguistic abilities to create a rousing appeal to the English to shame America into abolishing slavery.
Witty, moving, and always intelligent, this is a superb read for anyone with an interest in one of America's most unsung heroes.
Frederick Douglass (1818-1995) was an American abolitionist and author. Born into slavery in Maryland, he was of African, European, and Native American descent. He was separated from his mother at a young age and lived with his grandmother until he was moved to another plantation.
Frederick was taught his alphabet by the wife of one of his owners, a knowledge he passed on to other slaves. In 1838, he successfully escaped slavery by jumping on a north-bound train. After less than 24 hours, he was in New York and free.
The same year, he married the woman that had inspired his run for freedom and started working actively as a social reformer, orator, statesman, and women's rights defender.
He remains most known today for his 1845 autobiography "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave".
Written to honour the life of the eponymous abolitionist and activist, `John Brown' is the transcript of a speech delivered by Douglass in 1860.
While some saw Brown as a radical and a criminal, Douglass saw his friend as a man prepared to sacrifice his life so that others might be free.
Passionate and powerful, the speech not only extolls Brown's virtues, but also highlights the political and social issues faced by African Americans at the time.
´John Brown´ is an important read for anyone with an interest in social justice and injustice.
Frederick Douglass (1818-1995) was an American abolitionist and author. Born into slavery in Maryland, he was of African, European, and Native American descent. He was separated from his mother at a young age and lived with his grandmother until he was moved to another plantation.
Frederick was taught his alphabet by the wife of one of his owners, a knowledge he passed on to other slaves. In 1838, he successfully escaped slavery by jumping on a north-bound train. After less than 24 hours, he was in New York and free.
The same year, he married the woman that had inspired his run for freedom and started working actively as a social reformer, orator, statesman, and women's rights defender.
He remains most known today for his 1845 autobiography "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave."
The second of Douglass' three autobiographies, `My Bondage and My Freedom' details his transition from youth to adulthood, while under the bonds of slavery.
Even when he manages to escape, he discovers that his struggles to be treated and seen as an equal aren't over, even when he reaches the apparently-libertarian Northern states.
Unflinching in his recollections of brutality and psychological torment, Douglass paints a picture composed of sadness, anger, and compassion.
A stunning and important work. 'My Bondage and My Freedom' should be read by anyone and everyone.
Frederick Douglass (1818-1995) was an American abolitionist and author. Born into slavery in Maryland, he was of African, European, and Native American descent. He was separated from his mother at a young age and lived with his grandmother until he was moved to another plantation.
Frederick was taught his alphabet by the wife of one of his owners, a knowledge he passed on to other slaves. In 1838, he successfully escaped slavery by jumping on a north-bound train. After less than 24 hours, he was in New York and free.
The same year, he married the woman that had inspired his run for freedom and started working actively as a social reformer, orator, statesman, and women's rights defender.
He remains most known today for his 1845 autobiography "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave."
Un Noir, un Blanc, unis dans le même combat pour l'abolition de l'esclavage dans les États-Unis d'avant la guerre de Sécession.
S'emparant de la fête nationale américaine, deux grands intellectuels, Frederick DOUGLASS et Henry David THOREAU, prononcent chacun un violent réquisitoire contre la persistance de l'esclavage dans leur pays.
Confrontant la nation à son histoire et à ses principes fondateurs, ils en appellent à la conscience de leurs concitoyens.
Mais, par-delà leur commun engagement abolitionniste, chacun témoigne de convictions politiques et de préoccupations personnelles différentes.
La relation entre histoire et mémoire, les rapports entre individu et communauté, la conception de la nation et le sens de la liberté,
tels sont les enjeux qui donnent à leur pensée une place essentielle dans l'histoire politique et intellectuelle des Etats-Unis.
This work provides a forthright critical discussion aimed at providing salient insights into the quiet and under-realized transactional nature of education, schooling, teaching, student participation, and learning.The work is based upon five major interacting premises regarding the role, nature, and relationship between transactional communication and equity pedagogy, which place opportunities to teach and learn in flux.
Throughout this book the topic/issue of transitional communication's critical role serves as the unifying source regarding the transdisciplinary nature of the information and perspectives presented 90 plus percent of activities which occurs in the classroom involves the social-perception experiences of interpersonal-cultural communication, pre-dispositions and inclinations, regarding power and felt empowerment, and one's lived positionality experiences.Transactional communicative awareness, critical reflection, and cultural responsiveness enhances equality of opportunities to teach and learn in view of the demands ensured during a course of study or term of study.
The Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to the mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada.The network was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees.The enslaved persons who risked escape and those who aided them are also collectively referred to as the "Underground Railroad". Various other routes led to Mexico, where slavery had been abolished, and to islands in the Caribbean that were not part of the slave trade. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession (except 1763-1783), existed from the late 17th century until approximately 1790.However, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad began in the late 18th century. It ran north and grew steadily until the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. One estimate suggests that by 1850, approximately 100,000 enslaved people had escaped to freedom via the network.
Contents:
Henry Box Brown
William Wells Brown
James Hambleton Christian
Theophilus Collins
Seth Concklin
William and Ellen Craft
Frederick Douglass
Abram Galloway and Richard Eden
Charles Gilbert
Samuel Green
Jamie Griffin
Harry Grimes
James Hamlet and Others
Josiah Henson
John Henry Hill
Ann Maria Jackson and Her Seven Children
Harriet Jacobs
Jane Johnson
Matilda Mahoney
Mary Frances Melvin
Aunt Hannah Moore
Alfred S. Thornton